User-centred multimodal authentication: securing handheld mobile devices using gaze and touch input

Handheld mobile devices store a plethora of sensitive data, such as private emails, personal messages, photos, and location data. Authentication is essential to protect access However, the majority are currently secured by singlemodal authentication schemes which vulnerable shoulder surfing, smudge attacks, thermal attacks. While some against one these only few address all three them. We propose multimodal where touch gaze input combined resist well Based on series previously published works we studied usability several user-centred designs their security multiple threat models, provide comprehensive overview handheld devices. further present guidelines how leverage modalities for enhancing user